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june 2009 doc id 4467 rev 7 1/16 16 tl431 programmable voltage reference features adjustable output voltage: 2.5 to 36 v sink current capab ility: 1 to 100 ma typical output impedance: 0.22 1% and 2% voltage precision automotive temperature range -40c to +125c applications power supply industrial automotive description the tl431 is a programmable shunt voltage reference with guarantee d temperature stability over the entire operating temperature range. the device?s temperature range is extended for the automotive version from -40 c up to +125 c. the output voltage can be set to any value between 2.5 and 36 v with two external resistors. the tl431 operates with a wide current range from 1 to 100 ma with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.22 . d so-8 (batwing plastic micropackage) z to-92 (plastic package) www.st.com
schematic diagrams tl431 2/16 doc id 4467 rev 7 1 schematic diagrams figure 1. to-92 pin connections (top view) figure 2. so-8 batwing pin connections (top view) figure 3. tl431 block diagram cathode anode reference 123 8765 1234 1 - cathode 2 - anode 3 - anode 4 - n.c. 5 - n.c. 6 - anode 7 - anode 8 - reference vref cathode anode + - vref vref cathode anode + - vref
tl431 absolute maximum rati ngs and operating conditions doc id 4467 rev 7 3/16 2 absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions table 1. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter value unit v ka cathode to anode voltage 37 v i k continuous cathode current range -100 to +150 ma i ref reference input current range -0.05 to +10 ma r thja thermal resistance junction to ambient (1) to-92 so-8 batwing 1. short-circuits can c ause excessive heating. t hese values are typical. 200 85 c/w r thjc thermal resistance junction to case (1) so-8 batwing 30 c/w t stg storage temperature range -65 to +150 c esd tl431iy tl431aiy: hbm: human body model (2) tl431: hbm: human body model mm: machine model (3) cdm: charged device model (4) 2. human body model: a 100 pf capacit or is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a 1.5 k resistor between two pins of the device. this is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating. 3. machine model: a 200 pf capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 ). this is done for all couples of connected pin combinations whil e the other pins are floating. 4. charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. th is is done for all pins. 3000 2000 200 1500 v table 2. operating conditions symbol parameter value unit v ka cathode to anode voltage v ref to 36 v i k cathode current 1 to 100 ma t oper operating free-air temperature range tl431c/ac tl431i/ai tl431iy/aiy 0 to +70 -40 to +105 -40 to +125 c
electrical characteristics tl431 4/16 doc id 4467 rev 7 3 electrical characteristics table 3. tl431c: 0 c to 70 c (t amb = 25 c unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter tl431c tl431ac unit min. typ. max. min. typ. max. v ref reference input voltage v ka = v ref , i k = 10 ma, t amb =25c t min t amb t max 2.44 2.423 2.495 2.55 2.567 2.47 2.453 2.495 2.52 2.537 v v ref reference input voltage de viation over temperature range (1) v ka = v ref , i k = 10 ma, t min t amb t max 317 315 mv ratio of change in reference input voltage to change in cathode to anode voltage i k = 10 ma - v ka = 10 v to v ref v ka = 36 v to 10 v -2.7 -2 -1.4 -1 -2.7 -2 -1.4 -1 mv/v i ref reference input current i k = 10 ma, r1 = 10 k , r2 = t amb = 25 c t min t amb t max 1.8 4 5.2 1.8 4 5.2 a i ref reference input current de viation over temperature range i k = 10 ma, r1 = 10 k , r2 = t min t amb t max 0.4 1.2 0.4 1.2 a i min minimum cathode current for regulation v ka = v ref 0.5 1 0.5 0.6 ma i off off-state cathode current 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 na ? zka ? dynamic impedance (2) v ka = v ref , i k = 1 to 100 ma, f 1 khz 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5 1. see definition of section 3.1: reference input voltage deviation over temperature range . 2. the dynamic impedance is defined as | zka | = vref vka ------------ v ka i k ---------------
tl431 electrical characteristics doc id 4467 rev 7 5/16 table 4. tl431i: -40 c to 105 c, t amb = 25c (unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter tl431i tl431ai unit min. typ. max. min. typ. max. v ref reference input voltage v ka = v ref , i k = 10 ma, t amb = 25 c t min t amb t max 2.44 2.41 2.495 2.55 2.58 2.47 2.44 2.495 2.52 2.55 v v ref reference input voltage deviation over temperature range (1) v ka = v ref , i k =10 ma, t min t amb t max 730 730mv ratio of change in reference input voltage to change in cathode to anode voltage i k = 10 ma, v ka = 10 v to v ref v ka = 36 v to 10 v -2.7 -2 -1.4 -1 -2.7 -2 -1.4 -1 mv/v i ref reference input current i k = 10 ma, r1 = 10 k , r2 = t amb = 25 c t min t amb t max 1.8 4 6.5 1.8 4 6.5 a i ref reference input current deviation over temperature range i k = 10 ma, r1 = 10 k , r2 = t min t amb t max 0.8 2.5 0.8 1.2 a i min minimum cathode current for regulation v ka = v ref 0.5 1 0.5 0.7 ma i off off-state cathode cu rrent 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 na ? zka ? dynamic impedance (2) v ka = v ref , i k = 1 to 100 ma, f 1khz 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5 1. see definition of section 3.1: reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below. 2. the dynamic impedance is defined as | zka | = vref vka ------------ v ka i k ---------------
electrical characteristics tl431 6/16 doc id 4467 rev 7 3.1 reference input voltage devi ation over temperature range v ref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature range. v ref = v ref max - v ref min figure 4. reference input voltage deviation over temperature range table 5. tl431iy: -40 c to 125 c, t amb = 25c (unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter tl431iy tl431aiy unit min. typ. max. min. typ. max. v ref reference input voltage v ka = v ref , i k = 10 ma t min t amb t max 2.44 2.41 2.495 2.55 2.58 2.47 2.44 2.495 2.52 2.55 v v ref reference input voltage deviation over temperature range (1) v ka = v ref , i k = 10 ma, t min t amb t max 730 730mv ratio of change in reference input voltage to change in cathode to anode voltage i k = 10 ma, v ka = 10 v to v ref i k = 10 ma, v ka = 36 v to 10 v -2.7 -2 -1.4 -1 -2.7 -2 -1.4 -1 mv/v i ref reference input current i k = 10 ma, r1 = 10 k , r2 = t min t amb t max 1.8 4 6.5 1.8 4 6.5 a i ref reference input current deviation over temperature range i k = 10 ma, r1 = 10 k , r2 = , t min t amb t max 0.8 2.5 0.8 1.2 a i min minimum cathode current for regulation v ka = v ref 0.5 1 0.5 0.6 ma i off off-state cathode current t min t amb t max 2.6 1000 3000 2.6 1000 3000 na ? zka ? dynamic impedance (2) v ka = v ref , i k = 1 to 100 ma, f 1khz 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5 1. see definition of section 3.1: reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below. 2. the dynamic impedance is defined as | zka | = vref vka ------------ v ka i k --------------- t1 t2 temperature v ref max. v ref min.
tl431 electrical characteristics doc id 4467 rev 7 7/16 figure 5. test circuit for v ka = v ref figure 6. test circuit for programming mode input v ka v ref i k =10ma output r v ka = v ref + r1 x i ref 1 r1 r2 ------- - + () input v ka v ref i k r1 r2 i ref r output figure 7. test circuit for i off figure 8. test circuit for phase margin and voltage gain figure 9. test circuit for response time v ka =36v i off input v ref i k =10ma output 10 f 10 f 15k 8.25k i k =1ma output 0 ma 1 ma
electrical characteristics tl431 8/16 doc id 4467 rev 7 figure 10. reference voltage vs. temperature figure 11. reference voltage vs. cathode current -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.52 2.54 v ka = v ref i k = 10 ma cathode voltage v ka (v) temperature ( c) -10123 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 t amb =+25 c cathode current i ka (ma) cathode voltage v ka (v) figure 12. zoom on reference voltage vs. cathode current figure 13. reference current vs. temperature -10123 -2 -1 0 1 2 t amb = +25 c cathode current i ka (ma) cathode voltage v ka (v) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 i k =10 ma r 1 =10k r2= + reference current i ref ( a) temperature c figure 14. off-state cathode current vs. temperature figure 15. ratio of change in v ref to change in v ka vs. temperature -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 v ka = 36 v v ref = 0 v off-state current i off ( a) temperature ( c) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 i k = 10 ma v ref / v ka (mv / v) temperature ( c)
tl431 electrical characteristics doc id 4467 rev 7 9/16 figure 16. static impedance r ka vs. temperature figure 17. minimum operating current vs. temperature -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 v ka =v ref static impedance r ka ( ) temperature ( c) -40-20 0 20406080100120 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 v ka = v ref minimum cathode current i min (ma) temperature ( c) figure 18. gain and phase vs. frequency figure 19. stability behavior with capacitive loads 1 10 100 1000 10000 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 gain (db) frequency (khz) i k =10 ma see figure 4 phase gain phase ( ) 1e-10 1e-9 1e-8 1e-7 1e-6 1e-5 0 20 40 60 80 100 instable area v ka =24 v v ka =12 v v ka =5 v v ka =v ref cathode current (ma) capacitive load (farad) figure 20. maximum power dissipation figure 21. pulse response for i k = 1 ma 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 20 40 60 80 100 safe area for so8 batwing cathode current (ma) cathode voltage (v) 0246810 0 2 4 6 v ka =v ref t amb =+25 c output input input and output voltage (v) time ( s)
package information tl431 10/16 doc id 4467 rev 7 4 package information in order to meet environmental requirements, st offers these devices in different grades of ecopack ? packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ecopack ? specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com . ecopack ? is an st trademark.
tl431 package information doc id 4467 rev 7 11/16 4.1 so-8 package information figure 22. so-8 package mechanical drawing table 6. so-8 package mechanical data ref. dimensions millimeters inches min. typ. max. min. typ. max. a1.750.069 a1 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.010 a2 1.25 0.049 b 0.28 0.48 0.011 0.019 c 0.17 0.23 0.007 0.010 d 4.80 4.90 5.00 0.189 0.193 0.197 e 5.80 6.00 6.20 0.228 0.236 0.244 e1 3.80 3.90 4.00 0.150 0.154 0.157 e 1.27 0.050 h 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.020 l 0.40 1.27 0.016 0.050 l1 1.04 0.040 k1 81 8 ccc 0.10 0.004
package information tl431 12/16 doc id 4467 rev 7 4.2 to-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information figure 23. to-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical drawing table 7. to-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical data dim. millimeters inches min typ. max. min. typ. max. al 5.0 0.197 a 5.0 0.197 t 4.0 0.157 d 0.45 0.018 i1 2.5 0.098 p 11.7 12.7 13.7 0.461 0.500 0.539 po 12.4 12.7 13 0.488 0.500 0.512 p2 5.95 6.35 6.75 0.234 0.250 0.266 f1/f2 2.4 2.5 2.8 0.094 0.098 0.110 h -1 0 1 -0.039 0 0.039 p -1 0 1 -0.039 0 0.039 w 17.5 18.0 19.0 0.689 0.709 0.748 w0 5.7 6 6.3 0.224 0.236 0.248 w1 8.5 9 9.75 0.335 0.354 0.384 w2 0.5 0.020 h200.787 h0 15.5 16 16.5 0.610 0.630 0.650 h1 25 0.984 do 3.8 4.0 4.2 0.150 0.157 0.165 l1 11 0.433 a1 p p a t h h1 h l1 d i1 h0 w2 w0 w1 w d0 f1 f2 p2 p0
tl431 package information doc id 4467 rev 7 13/16 4.3 to-92 (bulk) package information figure 24. to-92 bulk package mechanical drawing table 8. to-92 bulk package mechanical data dim. millimeters inches min typ. max. min. typ. max. l1.27 0.05 b 3.2 3.7 4.2 0.126 0.1457 0.1654 o1 4.45 5.00 5.2 0.1752 0.1969 0.2047 c 4.58 5.03 5.33 0.1803 0.198 0.2098 k12.7 0.5 o2 0.407 0.5 0.508 0.016 0.0197 0.02 a 0.35 0.0138
ordering information tl431 14/16 doc id 4467 rev 7 5 ordering information table 9. order codes order code accuracy (%) temperature range package packing marking tl431cd tl431cdt 2 0c to +70c so-8 tu b e o r tape and reel 431c TL431ACD TL431ACDt 1431ac tl431cz tl431czt tl431cz-ap 2 to-92 bulk or ta p e o r ammopack tl431c tl431acz tl431aczt tl431acz-ap 1 tl431ac tl431id tl431idt 2 -40c to + 105c so-8 tu b e o r tape and reel 431i tl431aid tl431aidt 1431ai tl431iz tl431izt tl431iz-ap 2 to-92 bulk or ta p e o r ammopack tl431i tl431aiz tl431aizt tl431aiz-ap 1 tl431ai tl431iyd (1) tl431iydt (1) 2 -40c to + 125c so-8 (automotive grade level) tu b e o r tape and reel 431iy tl431aiyd (1) tl431aiydt (1) 1431aiy 1. qualification and characterization acco rding to aec q100 and q003 or equivalent, advanced screening according to aec q001 & q 002 or equivalent.
tl431 revision history doc id 4467 rev 7 15/16 6 revision history table 10. document revision history date revision changes 01-mar-2002 1 initial release. 01-nov-2005 2 ppap references inserted in order codes table on cover page. 13-dec-2006 3 corrected to-92 package information. 08-jun-2007 4 specified that so-8 package is batwing package. in electrical characteristics tables, moved negative values from max column to min column. corrected captions of figure 5 and of figure 16 . added footnote to table 8: order codes . 25-feb-2008 5 corrected so-8 package mechanical data. corrected footnote for automotive grade order codes in order code table. corrected packing information for to-92 devices in order code table. 04-jun-2009 6 changed imin to 0.6 ma in ta bl e 3 and ta b l e 4 . increased temperature range to 125c in temperature curves. added ta b l e 5 , dedicated to automotive version. increased high temperature for automotive range up to +125c in ta b l e 5 and in table 9: order codes . inserted accuracy column in ta bl e 9 . 09-jun-2009 7 corrected minor error in package column in ta bl e 9 .
tl431 16/16 doc id 4467 rev 7 please read carefully: information in this document is provided solely in connection with st products. stmicroelectronics nv and its subsidiaries (?st ?) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described he rein at any time, without notice. all st products are sold pursuant to st?s terms and conditions of sale. purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the st products and services described herein, and st as sumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the st products and services described herein. no license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. i f any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by st for the use of such third party products or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoev er of such third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein. unless otherwise set forth in st?s terms and conditions of sale st disclaims any express or implied warranty with respect to the use and/or sale of st products including without limitation implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a parti cular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction), or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. unless expressly approved in writing by an authorized st representative, st products are not recommended, authorized or warranted for use in milita ry, air craft, space, life saving, or life sustaining applications, nor in products or systems where failure or malfunction may result in personal injury, death, or severe property or environmental damage. st products which are not specified as "automotive grade" may only be used in automotive applications at user?s own risk. resale of st products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by st for the st product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoev er, any liability of st. st and the st logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of st in various countries. information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. the st logo is a registered trademark of stmicroelectronics. all other names are the property of their respective owners. ? 2009 stmicroelectronics - all rights reserved stmicroelectronics group of companies australia - belgium - brazil - canada - china - czech republic - finland - france - germany - hong kong - india - israel - ital y - japan - malaysia - malta - morocco - philippines - singapore - spain - sweden - switzerland - united kingdom - united states of america www.st.com

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